Table of Contents
Media Center Procedures ……………………………………………………..2
Board of Education Electronic Network Use (Student Agreement)………..4
Introduction to the Research Process…………………………………………7
Presearch Strategy………………………………………………………………8
Steps in Developing a Research Project………………………………………9
Preparing an Outline…………………………………………………………….12
Preparing parenthetical (in-text) documentation……………………………..14
Preparing a “Works Cited”………………………………………………………15
General examples 15
Frequently Used Print Sources in QACHS Media Center 18
Electronic Sources (CD-ROM) 21
Internet Sources 22
Formatting a Research Paper…………………………………………………..24
Internet Research……………………………………………………………… 25
Additional Online Sources for Research Paper Help and Models…………..26
Critical Evaluation Survey………………………………………………….…….28
Works Cited………………………………………………………………………..30
The QACHS Media Staff is here to assist and guide you in your research process. Please feel free to ask for assistance.
Staffing
Mrs. Boone, Media Specialist 7:15 a.m. - 3:30 p.m.
Mrs. Drews 7:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Mrs. Sanger 9:15 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Hours of Operation
Open from 7:15 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. Monday - Thursday
To stay after school, report to the media center by 2:30 p.m. To enter after that time, you must have a note from a teacher or coach. A sign-in sheet will be on the circulation counter.
Late bus passes will be issued, but you must remain in the library until 4:30 p.m. if riding the late bus.
Resources
· 20,000+ cataloged items including books, videotapes, periodicals, CD-Rom
· Internet databases
· Online catalog available school wide
· Many CD-Rom and online databases
· Interlibrary loans (allow up to two week to receive materials)
· Internet research (must abide by Queen Anne’s County Board of Education policies)
Checking out materials
Each student is assigned a five digit ID number upon entering ninth grade.
Regular shelf books and magazines may be checked out for two weeks. These may be renewed, but the item must be presented in order to be renewed. Reference material may be checked out overnight (with teacher permission).
Late charges/ fines
Shelf books and periodicals -- $.05 per day
Reference materials -- $.25 per day
Fines will continue to accrue until the checked out item is returned. Check-out privileges may be revoked if checked out materials and fines are not cleared.
Miscellaneous Information
· Computer disks are available for $.50 each; CD-ROMS $1.00 each
· We will be happy to burn large files for you to a CD-ROM
· Xerox copies and overhead transparencies cost $.10 each
· Color copies and color transparencies cost $.75 each
· Bookbags should not be brought to the Media Center. (If you must, leave them by the encyclopedia bookshelf).
· No food or drink is permitted in the Media Center.
· Students are required to have a written pass from a classroom teacher in order to be admitted to the Media Center during an instructional period. The note must be presented to a staff member. A sign in sheet will be on the circulation counter.
· Students may come to the Media Center during their lunch periods. If leaving the cafeteria, you must have written permission from an administrator or teacher on duty. A sign in sheet will be on the circulation counter.
· Internet in-service training will be given every year. The student responsibility form is included in this research guide and must be adhered to at all times. Internet rights may be revoked for violations of the Queen Anne’s County Board of Education Acceptable Use of Electronic Networks policy as stated in the current calendar handbook.
Queen Anne’s County Board of Education
Acceptable Use of Electronic Networks Policy
1. Purpose
The Queen Anne’s County Board of Education (QACBOE) supports the use of the Internet and other computer technologies in the County’s instructional program in order to facilitate learning and teaching through access to information, research, and collaboration.
The use of network facilities shall be consistent with the curriculum adopted by the QACBOE as well as the varied instructional needs, learning styles, abilities, and developmental levels of students.
2. Authority
The electronic information available to staff and students does not imply endorsement of the content by QACBOE, nor does the QACBOE guarantee the accuracy of information received on the Internet. QACBOE shall not be responsible for any information that may be lost, damaged, or unavailable when using the network or for any information that is retrieved via the Internet.
QACBOE shall not be responsible for any unauthorized charges or fees resulting from access to the Internet.
QACBOE reserves the right to log network use and to monitor file server space utilization by authorized users. Users should not expect that files will always be private.
QACBOE establishes that use of the Internet and the school’s computer network is a privilege, not a right; inappropriate, unauthorized, and illegal use will result in the cancellation of those privileges and appropriate disciplinary action.
3. Delegation of Responsibility
QACBOE will endeavor to ensure that this educational resource is used responsibly by students.
Administrators, teachers, and staff have a professional responsibility to work together to help students develop the intellectual skills necessary to discriminate among information sources, to identify information appropriate to their age and developmental levels, and to evaluate and use the information to meet their educational goals.
Students have the responsibility to respect and protect the rights of every other user in the school district and on the Internet.
Students, parents/guardians, and staff must sign the Electronic Network User Agreement form signifying agreement with the terms dictated by QACBOE in this policy.
4. Guidelines
Network accounts may be used only by the authorized owner of the account for its authorized purpose.
Prohibitions
Staff and students are expected to act in a responsible, ethical, and legal manner in accordance with QACBOE policy, accepted rules of network etiquette, and federal and State law. By way of example, the following uses are prohibited:
1. Use of the network to facilitate illegal activity.
2. Use of the network for commercial or for-profit purposes.
3. Use of the network for personal, non-work or non-school-related work.
4. Use of the network for product advertisement or political lobbying.
5. Use of the network for hate mail, discriminatory remarks, and offensive or inflammatory communication.
6. Unauthorized or illegal installation, distribution, reproduction, or use of copyrighted materials.
7. Use of network to access obscene or pornographic material.
8. Use of inappropriate language or profanity on the network.
9. Use of the network to transmit material likely to be offensive or objectionable to recipients.
10. Use of the network to intentionally obtain or modify files, passwords, and data belonging to other users.
11. Impersonation of another user, anonymity, and pseudonyms.
12. Use of network facilities for fraudulent copying, communications, or modification of materials in violation of copyright laws.
13. Loading or use of unauthorized games, programs, files, or other electronic media.
14. Use of the network to disrupt the work of other users.
15. Destruction, modification, or abuse of network hardware and software.
16. Quoting personal communications in a public forum without the original author’s prior consent.
17. Accessing personal e-mail accounts such as AOL, or Instant Messenger, etc., is prohibited.
18. Attempting to bypass (bypass is one word) network’s filtering system.
19. Plagiarizing, which is the taking of someone else’s words, ideas, or findings and intentionally presenting them as your own without giving credit to their source.
20. Using telecommunications in any other manner that would violate school or QACBOE policies.
§ Security
System security is protected through the use of passwords. Failure to adequately protect or update passwords could result in unauthorized access to personal or QACBOE files. To protect the integrity of the system, the following guidelines shall be followed.
1. Users shall not reveal their passwords to another individual or use another individual’s network ID and password.
2. Users are not to use a computer that has been logged-in under another student’s or teacher’s name.
3. Any user identified as a security risk or having a history of problems with other computer systems may be
denied access to the network.
§ Safety
§ Precautions will be taken to attempt to ensure that the network and Internet are a safe learning environment.
To the extent possible, users of the network will be protected from harassment or unwanted or unsolicited communication. Any network user who receives threatening or unwelcome communications shall immediately bring them to the attention of a teacher or administrator.
Student users shall not reveal personal addresses or telephone numbers to other users on the QACBOE network, or to other individuals, companies, or organizations on the Internet.
§ Consequences For Inappropriate Use
The network user shall be responsible for damages to the equipment, systems, and software resulting from deliberate or willful acts.
Illegal use of the network; intentional deletion or damage to files or of data belonging to others; copyright violations or theft of services will be reported to the appropriate legal authorities for possible prosecution.
General rules for behavior and communications apply when using the Internet, in addition to the stipulations of this policy. Loss of access and other disciplinary actions shall be consequences for inappropriate use.
Vandalism will result in cancellation of access privileges. Vandalism is defined as any attempt to harm or destroy software, data of another user, Internet, operating systems or other networks. This includes but is not limited to the uploading or creation of computer viruses.
§ Copyright
The illegal use of copyrighted software by students and staff is prohibited. Any data uploaded to or downloaded from the network is subject to “fair use” guidelines.
Introduction to the Research Process
You hear the dreaded words – “I’m assigning a project. It is due on ____. Make sure you take notes and prepare a Works Cited.” Now what do you do? You head off to the library; sometimes the teacher schedules time for you to work; other times you’re left on your own. Where do you begin? Preparing a research project is a complex process that involves organization, planning, and vision. Some projects will have specific instructions while others are much more general, leaving you to decide the who, what, when, why, and how. By following strategies and making a plan, you can help yourself prepare a top-notch presentation with a minimum of misery. In fact, you might even enjoy your quest and marvel at your own ingenuity and efficiency.
For all research projects, you will need to develop a plan. You will need to make a schedule, narrow your topic, develop a thesis, prepare an outline, locate appropriate sources, take notes in a variety of ways, and prepare source cards. After conducting your research you may find it necessary to modify your original thesis statement and to revise your project plan.
Included in this handbook are ways to help you prepare your research project whether you are gathering information for a class presentation or for a written research paper.
Your first visit to the library. You have a general idea about the topic, but you really don’t know where to begin your search. By preparing a presearch worksheet, you may find more and better sources for your project.
Presearch Strategy
1. What is your topic?
2. What do you already know about your topic?
3. List all words or phrases you can think of that describes your topic. Consider synonyms, alternate spellings, technical, and everyday terms. (Textbooks and dictionaries will help.)
4. List questions that need to be answered.
5. Write what you consider to be the most important question.
6. Identify the types of information you will be looking for
a. biographical
b. current events
c. government documents
d. personal interview
e. statistical
f. critical reviews
g. illustrations
h. geographical
i. other
7. What resources will be most useful to you? Where will you look for this information?
a. Encyclopedia (general or specialized)
b. Dictionary (abridged, unabridged, or specialized)
c. Atlas
d. Thesaurus
e. Biographical references
f. Historical documents
g. Charts, graphs
h. Magazines/newspapers
Other/ special references
8. What search engine will be most useful for your research?
Consider a boolean strategy for either the OPAC (card catalog) or for an internet search:
Search question. What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease
Elderly
Mental health
Geriatrics
Nursing homes
Health care issues
Dementia
Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT
Search Strategy Alzheimer’s disease and nursing homes
Mental health and elderly
Select key words from the search question. List as many synonyms as possible. This list may be used for the card catalog search as well as an Internet search.
1. Steps in Developing a Research Project:
a. Select and narrow a subject. – Create a thesis statement that states your main idea. It usually appears toward the end of the introduction. A working thesis has two parts: a topic part and a comment part.
The topic part states the topic of the paper. The comment part makes an important point about the topic.
b. Make a list of questions to answer.
c. Develop a preliminary thesis that states the central idea of your project; you will probably revise this statement or alter it after completing your research.
d. Compile a working list of sources for your “Works Cited.”
e. Read and take notes:
The works cited source card should include the author, title, place of publication, publisher, volume number, and date of publication. ( Also, include the call number and the page numbers used – this will save you time when you need to find additional information from those sources.)
Print Source and Notes
SOURCE CARD Number |
Author |
Title of article |
Title of book |
City of publication: |
Publishing company |
Publication date |
(Editor) |
(Series Title) |
(Volume No.) |
Page number(s) |
Samples of various types of reference works are included in the back of this manual.
Non-print source (CD-ROM/ Internet) – Here is an example of the information needed to complete a non-print source card. Always write the URL and the date you accessed the information. Be sure to check to see if the site has an author. You may or may not be able to supply every detail listed on the source card, but get as much information as possible. It is very important to evaluate an Internet source to be sure it is a credible, educational, and legitimate website. See the “Critical Evaluation Survey” form at the back of this manual.
SOURCE CARD Number |
Author (last name first)(if provided) |
Date Published |
Page Title |
Date Retrieved |
Publishing Web Site Name (if available) |
Publishing Organization (if available) |
URL: |
If it is an article from Internet Magazine or Journal (Journal title) |
(Volume no./ Issue no.) |
Page number(s) |
Devise a system which will correlate note cards to source cards (i.e. Source card A – note cards A-1, A-2; source card B – note cards B-1, B-2)
Write the subject (slug) on the top line of the note card. The slug may be taken from your outline or it may later become an outline topic. (By using a slug, you may later organize your cards by these subtopics).
Use a separate note card for each idea from each source. Exhaust all notes from one source before moving on to another.
Types of notes:
Summary – after reading a section, chapter, or article about your topic, restate the main points in your own words or by listing key words
NOTECARD Number (Sourcecard No.+ letter) |
SUMMARY |
(Page numbers) |
Paraphrase – a good paraphrase usually reflects your style of writing, reduces the original text only slightly, displays careful reading of the original article or text, “translates” technical or complicated material into your own vocabulary.
NOTECARD Number (Sourcecard No.+ letter) |
Paraphrase |
(Page numbers) |
Direct quote – when you find a particularly poignant or descriptive passage, copy it exactly as it appears in the text, comma for comma, letter for letter. Enclose the passage in quotation marks.
NOTECARD Number (Sourcecard No.+ letter) |
Direct Quote |
(Page numbers) |
Take careful notes. Be sure to spend your time reading through the passage, text, or article before taking random notes. Be sure the text relates to the topic you are researching. Just because the title, or general subject term is found, the text may not support or explain the topic you have chosen.
2. Preparing an Outline – An outline gives direction to your research project.
A preliminary outline does not reflect the introduction or the ending. In general, each main division represents a paragraph in the paper. The preliminary outlines contains mostly major headings until additional information is learned and gathered relative to the topic.
Remember the general rules of outlining:
Write the thesis at the top of the outline
· Use the correct numbers and letters for main points and subpoints
· Roman numerals for main headings
· Capital letters for subpoints
· Numbers and lower case letters for details and additional information
· Indent each division
· Roman numerals at the left margin
· Letters or numbers directly under the first word of the larger heading above it
· Use more than one subheading
· If you cannot break down a subheading into at least two parts, leave it as a separate entity
· Every A must have a B
· Every 1 must have a 2
· Punctuation and capitalization
· Begin each item with a capital letter
· Do not use end punctuation
Sample Outline
Thesis Statement: Teenagers face a tough challenge both to understand and to deal with a loved one afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease as he or she regress through cognitive deterioration, communication impairments, and behavior problems.
I. Understanding the patient’s cognitive problems.
A. Typical characteristics
1. Defining the regression
2. Describing the effects
B. Suitable responses
II. Understanding the patient’s communication impairment
A. Typical characteristics
B. Suitable responses
III. Understanding the patient’s behavior problems
A. Verbal
B. Physical
IV. Getting additional help
A. To understand the patient
B. To address personal fears[1]
3. Preparing Parenthetical (in-text) Documentation. As you gather your information, you must remember to give credit to the source from which the information came. Otherwise, you may find yourself guilty of plagiarism. Plagiarism can be defined as using another person’s thoughts, ideas, or statements as your own. When you do this, you make the reader assume that the words are your own when they really belong to someone else. Remember, a research project would be heavily documented since you are relying on the expertise of others to guide your work.
In addition to direct quotes, you must document summarized or paraphrased information. There are several ways to accomplish this:
[2]A signal phrase is often used to introduce a source work. A signal phrase often leads with the author’s last name.
Ex. Scruggs points out that little music has ever been written for the banjo; many of the tunes and playing techniques were handed down by banjo players through the generations. (10).
This reference will directly correlate with a “Works Cited” entry at the end of your paper.
If the author of the work is not mentioned within the statement, his name is included at the end of the citation.
Ex. Little music has ever been written for the banjo….generations. (Scruggs 10).
Consult the MLA Handbook for additional examples.
4. Preparing a “Works Cited”
Here at Queen Anne’s County High School, we generally use the MLA (Modern Language Association) style of documentation. What follows are examples of some of the types of reference works you may use during your research process and the correct way of documenting those works.[3]
Formatting the Works Cited Page
The top margin for the Works Cited page should be set at two inches. Left, right and bottom margins should be one inch. Type the title, “Works Cited,” with the first letter of each word capitalized. Center the title on the page and double space after the title. Begin each entry at the left margin. If the entry takes up more than one line, indent the next line(s) five spaces. Alphabetize entries by the author’s last name, editor’s last name, or the title (excluding a, an, or the). Double space entries that take up two or more lines and double space between each reference.
Books
· A book with one author
Jones, Royce. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Chicago: McMillan, 1988.
· A book with two authors
Neal, Sandra Ann and Susan Gray. The Women of Florence. New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1989.
· A book with more than two authors (et al means “and other” in Latin)
Ottoman, James, et al. Exploring Architecture. 2nd ed. New York: Bantam, 1997.
· A book with one editor, but no author
Saunders, Ann, ed. Diary of a Friendship. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
· A book with two or three editors, but no author
Tyson, James and Tom L. Gray, eds. African-American Poetry. New York: MacMillan, 1995.
· A book with no author and no editor
Primary Reference Books. 1995 ed. New York: Bowker, 1995.
· An Introduction, Preface, Foreward, or Afterword
Brewer, Robert. Preface. The Works of James Joyce. By Jacob Lewis. New York:
Baker & Taylor, 1992. 1-7.
Collections or Anthologies
Look at the end of the article in an anthology for the name of the article’s author.
· A novel or a play from a book that is a collection of several novels or plays
Serling. Rod. Requiem for a Heavyweight. Modern American Plays. Ed. Robert
J. Corbinet and Mariam Balf. New York: Scribner’s, 1973. 57-89.
· A poem, short story, essay, or a chapter from a book that is a collection of several authors’ works
Welty, Eudora. “At the Corner Store.” American Poets. Ed. Gerald Levin. New York: Harcourt,
1995. 20-23.
· A poem, short story, essay, or a chapter from a collection of works by one author
Anson, Margaret. “My Mama.” Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1989. 11-12.
Encyclopedia Articles (Print)
· An encyclopedia article (with no author)
“Fire Fighting.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 1995 ed.
· An encyclopedia article (with an author)
Bates, William, “Angelou, Maya.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 1995 ed.
· Unfamiliar reference book
Hickok, Ralph. The Encyclopedia of North American Sports History. New York: Facts-on- . File, 1991.
Caviness, Alys. “Festivals.” Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology. Ed. C. Scott Littleton.
Vol. 4. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2005.
Magazine and Newspaper Articles
· An article from a print magazine (not on the computer or internet)
Powell, Kevin. “Is Hip-Hop Dead?.” Ebony. June 2007. 60-61.
· A newspaper article (print version, not internet)
James, Noah. “The Book Everyone Loves to Hate.” New York Times. 22 Jan. 1998,
Sec C:12.
· An article on microfiche
Furlong, William Barry. “The Panther at the Plate.” New York Times. 21 Sept. 1958:
Sec. 6: 43. Great Personalities Two as Reported in the New York Times (1981):
Fiche 1, grids 9-10.
· Reprint of a magazine article
Chanute, Octave. “The Wright Brothers’ Flights.” Independent. 4 June 1908: n. pag.
Rpt. In 1905-1915 The Progressive Era. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
1968. vol 13 of The Annals of
Reviews
· A signed review
Quincy, James. “Glass Houses.” Rev. of Big Bucks and the Movie Business. By
Alison Hartz. People. Aug. 1993. 76-80.
· An unsigned, untitled review
Review of “Jurassic Park.” American Film. Mar 1989: 78-90.
Interviews
· A personal interview
Mason, Robert. Personal Interview. 26 Jan. 1999.
Frequently Used Print Resources in QACHS Media Center
· A Literary Criticism from a collection of criticism (Gale’s Twentieth Century Literary Criticism, Contemporary Literary Criticism, Nineteenth Century Literary Criticism, etc.)
Roberts, Sheila. “A Confined World: A Rereading of Pauline Smith.” World Literature Written in English. 24 (1984): 232-38. Rpt. In Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Pope. Vol. 25. Detroit: Gale, 1988. 399-402.
· An essay from Critical Survey of Long Fiction
Simon, Linda. “Thornton Wilder.” Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill.
Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Salem Press, 1983. 2880-2888.
· An essay from Critical Survey of Poetry
Matlak, Richard E. “Percy Bysshe Shelley.” Critical Survey of Poetry. Ed. Frank N.
Magill. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Salem Press, 1982. 2544-2561.
· An article from Beacham's Gude to Popular Literature
Zaidman, Laura M. “Their Eyes were Watching God.” Beacham’s Encyclopedia of Popular
Fiction. Ed. Lisa Kumar. Vol. 16. Detroit: Gale Group, 2002 371-381.
· An article from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults
Jones, Patrick. “Rats Saw God.” Beacham’s Guide to Literature for Young Adults.
Ed. Mark W. Scott. Vol. 10 .Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2001.
· An article from the Masterplots series
Norris, Neil. “A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.” Masterplots: American Fiction Series. Ed. Frank Magill. Vol. 1. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1987.
· An article from Novels for Students
(Signed article -- Criticism)
Wood, Michael. “Crying for Attention.” New York Review of books. (10 June 1976): 8.
Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1997.
(When quoting material reprinted from a book)
Adams, Timothy Dow. "Richard Wright: "Wearing the Mask," in Telling Lies in Modern
American autobiography (University of North Carolina Press, 1990), excerpted and
reprinted in Novels for Students, Vol. 5, Eds. Sheryl Ciccarelli and Marie Napierkowski
(Detroit: Gale. 1999), pp. 59-61.
(Unsigned article -- General information)
Napierkowski, Marie Rose, Ed. "Night." Novels for Students. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1998.
· An article from Authors & Artists for Young Adults
Volumes 1 – 4 do not have signed article writers. All of the rest of the volumes indicate the writer’s name at the end of the article.
(no writer’s name)
Garrett, Agnes and Helga P. McCue, eds. “Carlos Fuentes.” Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1990.
(signed article)
Brennan, Carol. “Spike Lee.” Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Ed. Thomas McMahon. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1999.
· An article from The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography
These entries are signed at the beginning of each article.
Harris, Brice, Jr. “Mohammed Ali.” The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 7. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1973.
· An article from British Women Fiction Writers
Peterson, Linda H. “Harriet Martineau: Masculine Discourse, Female Sage.” Victorian
Sages and Cultural Discourse. Ed. Thais E. Morgan (1990): 175-76. British Women
Fiction Writers of the 19th Century. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House,
175-177.
· An article from Classic (Fantasy, Horror, Science Fiction, Mystery) Writers
Sayers, Dorothy I. “Introduction.” Great Short Stories of Detection, Mystery and Horror. (London: Victor Gollancz, 1928): 17-18. Classic Mystery Writers. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1995. 108-109.
· An article from Dictionary of American Biography (author’s initials are at the end of each article – look up their names in the front of the book)
Allen, Harvey. “Poe, Edgar Allan.” Dictionary of American Biography. Ed. Dumas
Malone. New York: Scribner’s, 1935. 19-28.
· An article from Current Biography (author’s initials are at the end of each article – look up their names in the front of the book).
“Hillerman, Tony.” Current Biography Yearbook. 1992 ed. Ed. Judith Graham. New
York: H. W. Wilson, 1992. 258-261.
· An article from Research Guide to European Historical Biography
Donakowski, Conrad L. “Ludwig van Beethoven.” Research Guide to European Historical Biography. Ed. James A. Moncure. Vol. V. Washington D. C.: Beacham Publishing, Inc., 1993.
· An excerpt from a book in the Opposing Viewpoints series
Paglia, Camille. “Madonna Has Liberated American Women.” Excerpted from
“Madonna II. Venus of the Radio Waves.” The Independent on Sunday Review.
(July 21, 1991), rpt. In Opposing Viewpoint: Women’s Rights. Ed. Fred Whithead.
San Diego: Greenhaven, 1994.
· An article, chapter, or section from African Americans Voices of Triumph
“Soldiers in the Shadows.” African American Voices of Triumph: Perseverance. Ed. Janet P. Cave. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 126-179.
· An article from Writers for Young Adults
Goza, Elizabeth Wilder. “Anne Frank.” Writers for Young Adults. Ed. Ted Hipple.
New York: Scribner’s, 1997. 423-431.
· An article from British Writers
Sandison, A. G. “Rudyard Kipling.” British Writers. Ed. Ian Scott-Kilvert. New York:
Scribner’s, 1997. 729-770.
· An article from Supernatural Fiction Writers
Smith, Curtis C. “Robert Louis Stevenson.” Supernatural Fiction Writers. Ed. E. F. Bleiler. New York: Scribner’s, 1985. 307-313.
· An article from Modern Critical Views or Modern Critical Interpretation series
Tanner, Tony. "A New Life." Bernard Malamud. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea
House, 1986.
· Introduction from Modern Critical Views or Modern Critical Interpretations series
Bloom, Harold, ed. ” Introduction.” Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God.
New York: Chelsea House, 1987.
Electronic Resources (CD-R0M)
· Masterplots Complete 2000 (CD-ROM) (Author listed at end of the article)
Westfahl, Gary. “Laurence Yep.” Masterplots Complete 2000. CD-ROM. Salem Press, Inc.
Internet Resources
When using the subscription databases, see instructions within the database for citing sources.
QACHS also subscribes to NoodleTools, an online resource for preparing bibliographies. See a member of the media staff for assistance.
Always go to the end of the articles to see if there is an author of the article listed.
· Article from Discovering Authors/Science/History (GaleNet -- Student Resource Center-- see info at bottom of article for citation)
“Benjamin Franklin.” Discovering World History. The Gale Group. Online Edition. Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2004. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC. (day’s date)
· Magazine or newspaper article found through Infotrac
Leonard, Tom. “Men Reject Call for New controls on TV Violence.” The Daily
Telegraph. Oct. 14, 1998: 10. Infotrac Online. (The day’s date).
· Galenet – Student Resource Center Online
Citation information is included in every article. Copy as listed, but be sure to add the day’s date that you acquired the information.
· Galenet – Literature Resource Center Online
(Source citation information included at the end of the article. Change the order of the author to last name first. Add the Literature Resource Center information).
Cardwell, Guy A.. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Overview," in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd ed., edited by Jim Kamp, St. James Press, 1994. Reproduced in Literature Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2004. (Add the day’s date that you acquired the information.)
· Online texts
Nesbit, Edith. Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism. London, 1908. Victorian Women
Women Writers Project. Ed. Perry Willett. Apr. 1997. Indiana. (The day’s date)
http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/.
· Poem found on the internet
Arnold, Matthew. “The Buried Life.” Empedocles on Etna, and Other Poem. London:
C. Fellowes, 1852. Representative Poetry Online. Ed. I. Lancashire.
University of Toronto. 14 Mar. 1999.
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/rp/poems/arnold8.html.
· Internet Web site maintained by a university, government, or professional organization
Einstein: Image and Impact. Aug. 1998. American Institute of Physics. 13 Mar 1999.
http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/.
· Article from an online magazine, newspaper, or journal
Sklaroff, Sara. “E-Mail Nation.” U. S. News Online. 22 Mar 1999. 30 Mar. 1999.
http://www2.USNews.com/usnews/issue/990322/emai.htm>.
· A web page with an editor listed
Rogers, Jay, ed. “What is the Wiccan Religion?” The Forerunner International. 20
Jan. 1998. http://www.forerunner.com/champion/X0043_What_is_the_Wiccan.html
· A web page with an author’s name listed
Carroll, Robert Todd. “Witches and Sorcerers.” The Skeptic’s Dictionary. 21 Feb 1998.
http://dcn.davis.ca.us/~btcarrol/skeptic/witches.html
· Personal web page
Lancashire, Ian. Home page. 1 Mar 1998. http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~ian/index.html
· Pink Monkey (Literature Notes on the web)
If you viewed the MonkeyNotes for Macbeth on August 1, 2004, you would cite:
Sauder, Diane. "PinkMonkey.com MonkeyNotes for Macbeth by William Shakespeare." PinkMonkey.com. 1997.
1 August 2004 <http://www.pinkmonkey.com/booknotes/monkeynotes/pmMacbeth01.asp>
· Spark Notes (Literature Notes on the web) At the bottom of the Table of Contents page is the question, How do I cite this SparkNote?
Phillips, Brian. SparkNote on 1984. 10 Jul. 2006 [the date the information was retrieved] (<http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/1984/>.
5. Formatting a Research Paper
QACHS requires that all formal research papers should be formatted in 12 point type, preferably Times New Roman or Arial. The text should be double-spaced and should have one-inch margins all around the text of your paper – left side, right side, and top and bottom. Paragraphs should be indented half an inch; set-off quotations should be indented one inch from the left margin (five spaces and ten spaces respectively). A sample title page and correctly formatted page follows.
Page Numbers: Number your pages consecutively throughout the manuscript (including the first page) in the upper right-hand corner of each page, one-half inch from the top. Type your last name before the page number. Most word processing programs will format “headers.” Make sure the page number is one inch from the right-hand edge of the paper and that there is a double-space between the page number and the top line of text. Do not use the abbreviation p. or any other mark before the page number.
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6. Internet Research
The Internet can be a wonderful resource for information for school reports. However, it is up to the student to determine the educational value of the site. Ask yourself the following questions and then use this "Critical Evaluation Survey" to determine if the URL will be an acceptable research site. If you have any doubt, consult your teacher or school librarian for advice.
1. Who put this information on the Internet?
2. When was it put there? Is there a date on the page?
3. Is the information meant to be serious, or is it a joke? How can you tell?
4. How do you know where this information comes from?
5. Is the information biased? Does it only give one opinion?
6. Who is the information meant for?
7. What type of information is it? Is it a home page or an e-mail message?
8. How should you list information from the Internet on your bibliography?
ADDITIONAL ONLINE SOURCES FOR RESEARCH PAPER HELP AND MODELS –
There are many outstanding web sites to assist students in the preparation of different types of research projects. Keep in mind that the format for your report will be assigned by your teachers. For most English, history, fine arts, and many science projects, you will use MLA format. Some science and psychology will require the APA (American Psychological Association) format.
GREAT SOURCES FOR ADDITIONAL WORKS CITED HELP. – For the 2006-07 school year, we are subscribing to an online resource that will help you prepare and keep a list of all cited sources. This database is called Noodletools. See a member of the media staff for login information.
Landmarks Citation Machine -- This is a great web site for helping you prepare your Works Cited (bibliography) entries. You simply “plug in” the needed elements of the entry and it prints it out in the correct MLA format.
About Citation Machine
Citation Machine is an interactive Web tool designed to assist teachers and students in producing reference citations for crediting information from other people. You merely...
1. Click the type of resource you wish to cite,
2. Complete the Web form that appears with information from your resource, and
3. Click Make Citations to generate standard MLA & APA citations.
Depending on the class assignment, you may be asked to prepare your works cited in either MLA or APA (American Psychological Association) format. Here are web sites that will offer examples for both formatting styles.
“How to Write a Term Paper.” Gale Free Resources. http://www.gale.com/free_resources/term_paper/index.htm
This site offers lots of helpful information including how to format the title page of your paper.
“Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Format.” Owl at Purdue University. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html
If you choose to visit just one site, this should be the one. You can easily learn everything you need to know about writing a research paper in any subject.
MLA Citation Style – Long Island University (C. W. Post Campus) http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm
This is a very user friendly site – color-coded for extra help!
APA Format – most often used in writing science or social science papers
These web sites will provide examples, styles of formatting, etc.
Here is a list of resources to help you prepare citations in APA format:
http://www.psywww.com/resource/apacrib.htm
USM (University of Southern Mississippi) libraries:
Offers examples of print and electronic sources
http://www.lib.usm.edu/research/guides/apa.html
To help you to evaluate whether an Internet site is a sound authoritative, credible site, apply the following criteria:
CRITICAL EVALUATION SURVEY
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URL of Web page you are evaluating:
http://_______________________________________________
Name of Web page you are evaluating:_________________________________
TECHNICAL AND VISUAL ASPECTS OF THE WEB PAGE
Is the page signed by the author? YES / NO
Is the author’s e-mail address included? YES / NO
Is there a date of last update? YES/ NO
If so, is the date current? YES / NO
On supporting pages, is there a link back to the home page? YES / NO
Are the links clearly visible and explanatory? YES / NO
CONTENT
Is the title of the page indicative of the content? YES / NO
Is the purpose of the page indicated on the home page? YES / NO
When was the document created?_____________
Is the information useful for your purpose? YES / NO
Would it have been easier to get the information somewhere else? YES / NO
Would information somewhere else have been different? YES / NO
v If so, why?___________________________________
Did the information lead you to other sources that were useful? YES/ NO
Is a bibliography of print sources included? YES/ NO
Is the information current? YES/ NO
Does up-to-date information matter for your purpose? YES / NO
Does the information appear biased? YES / NO
Does the information contradict something you found somewhere else?YES / NO
Do most of the pictures supplement the content of the page? YES /NO/ NOT APPLICABLE
AUTHORITY
Who created the page?____________________________________________
What organization is the person affiliated with?___________________________
Has the site been reviewed by an online reviewing agency? YES / NO
Does the domain (i.e. edu, com, gov) of the page influence your evaluation of the site?
YES / NO
Are you positive the information is true? YES / NO
What can you do to prove that it is true?_______________________________
________________________________________________________________
Are you satisfied that the information is useful for your purpose? YES / NO
v If not, what can you do next?
Can you get a printed version of the information?___________________
How would you prepare a bibliographic citation for this site?
Works Cited
Adair, Sylvia L. adair@EXECPC.COM . “Keyword Searching Lessons.”
LM_NET@LISTSERV.SYR.EDU. 22 Feb. 1999.
Mills, Barbara and Mary Stiles. A Rookie’s Guide to Research. Bryson
City, NC: Union Creek Communications, Inc. 1997.
Smith, Becky. “Works Cited Sample Entries – RHS Library Holdings.”
Rusk High School Library Home Page. 17 Mar 1999.
http://www.tyler.net/ruskhslib/cited.htm
Sorenson, Sharon. How to Write Research Papers. Second Edition.
New York: Macmillan, 1998.
“Writing the Research Guide: A Brunswick High School Guide.” Online.
15 Mar 1999. http://www.bhs.edu/bhs/lib/resguide.html
Prepared by Mrs. Susan Boone, Media Specialist, QACHS, 2007